According to a joint investigation done by FRONTLINE and the Center for Public Integrity, in the last 15 years, 31 children have died during or following dental treatment.

Eight Year old Raven died in the dentist’s chair during a routine procedure done by Dr Michael Hechtkopf, She received three times the average range of sedatives for a child of her weight and health. She had a lethal blood concentration of 24 mg/l of chloral hydrate, as revealed by an autopsy, according to the Daily Mail.

Five year old Diamond died from nitrous oxide and an intravenous sedation. 13-year-old Marissa Kingery died from four different types of oral sedatives.

When Dr. Patrick Bamgboye administered the sedatives that killed 3-year-old Juan Quiej, he was still on probation for doing the same to 6-year-old Kyneicha Pagan.

Dr Michael Hechtkopf, only had his license restricted for three months and needed to retrain in risk management and record keeping for a mere seven hours. Dr. Hechtkopf’s lawyer said that his client “regretted” what happened.

Raven’s parents established the Raven Maria Blanco Foundation to warn others about ill-equipped dentists unnecessarily performing such dangerous procedures. They started a campaign to establish a registry of dental treatment deaths, in hopes to save other families from the same heartbreak.